CRUZ RADIO

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4.9.09

RÁDIO BÁSICO

Obs.: -Favor ver imagem ampliada abaixo.

ANTENA faz a conversão das ondas eletromagnéticas em ondas elétricas, que atingem o AMPLIFICADOR DE RFM (Rádio Frequência Modulada), onde serão amplificadas e aplicadas ao DETETOR (Detector). O Detetor possui a função de eliminar a portadora, aproveitando, apenas as informações contidas nas variações de amplitude, que constituem o sinal de AF (Áudio Frequência), o qual, a seguir, será amplificado pelo AMPLIFICADOR DE AF, atingindo o ALTO-FALANTE, pelo qual será convertido em vibrações do ar, produzindo o SOM.

2 Comentários:

Amateur Radio disse...: Olá!

Muito útil esta postagem.

De uma forma sucinta, nos trouxe à baila um conteúdo profundo, sem maiores complicações, inerentes de ordem técnica.

É disto que precisamos.

Muito obrigado.; 13.7.10
Amateur Radio disse...: Este comentário foi removido por um administrador do blog.; 13.7.10

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D-STAR

Glossary

( D-STAR - Glossário )

Air Link: The portion of data transmission that takes place as a radio signal. The D-STAR air link includes both modulation methods and data packet construction.

Area: The geographical region served by one D-STAR repeater.

Authorization: Adding a user to the D-STAR registry.

Bridge: A connection between just two devices, such as between two ID-1 transceivers.

Client: A program that requests data (programs, Web pages, documents, etc.) from servers.

Codec: Code/Decode, a circuit or program that translates an analog signal to and from digital form, usually refers to an audio signal, such as voice or music. Different codecs, such as AMBE or MP3, have different rule for the translation between analog and digital.

Controller: The part of a D-STAR repeater that handles and routes the voice and data streams either between modules or between modules and gateway.

DD (Digital Data): The D-STAR high-speed digital data signal.

DV (Digital Voice): The D-STAR digital voice + low-speed data signal.

Echolink: (www.echolink.org) and IRLP (Internet Relay Linking Project - www.irlp.net), systems that allow repeaters to share digitized voice signals using Voice-Over-Internet Protocol (VOIP) technology.

Encapsulate: To incorporate data packets from one protocol inside the data packets of another.

Ethernet: The set of protocols that control local area network (LAN) connections, described by the IEEE 802.3 standart.

FEC: Forward Error Correction, the process of adding information to data so that the receiver can correct errors caused by transmission process.

Gateway (GW): The part of a D-STAR repeater that connects the controller to other gateways via the Internet; or equipment of to connect between a zona repeater and the Internet. Usually it is normal PC including D-STAR GW software.

IP: Internet Protocol, the protocol that controls how data packets are exchanged on the Internet.

Module: A D-STAR module is the part of a D-STAR repeater that implements voice or data communication over the air.

Register: Capture the call sign of a received signal and post it to the system registry for other D-STAR repeters to use for the purposes of routing calls.

Registry: A shared data base of authorized user call signs and gateways.

Repeater area: A region of available to access a repeater to the terminals.

Repeater site: A place of setting some repeaters and/or backborne repeaters.

Route: To direct data packets to specific destinations.

Server: A computer that supplies data (programs, Web pages, documents, etc.) to clients when requested.

Zone: A group of D-STAR repeaters linked together and connected to other D-STAR system by a single gateway; or a region of connected multi repeaters by backbone repeaters.

Zone repeater: Connected a repeater to the Internet in a zone.

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Mitos sobre o D-STAR

Mitos sobre o D-STAR

Mito número 1:
“D-STAR só funciona em 1,2 GHz.”
Voz digital e dados de baixa velocidade funcionam perfeitamente em 144 e 440 MHz. A faixa de 1,2 GHz oferece uma largura de banda maior, necessária para comunicação de voz e dados digitais em alta velocidade.

Mito número 2:
“Não existe diferença entre D-STAR e rádio pacote (packet).”
A mais baixa velocidade do D-STAR tem uma performance melhor do que a mais alta velocidade de um sistema de rádio pacote. Já os sistemas de alta velocidade do D-STAR são dez vezes mais rápidos do que o mais rápido sistema de rádio pacote.

Mito número 3:
“D-STAR é igual ao Echolink.”
Os sistemas de VOIP como o Echolink somente conseguem processar sinais de voz. Eles não conseguem processar dados em qualquer velocidade. Contactos específicos com somente uma determinada estação não são possíveis por qualquer outra tecnologia de radioamador, somente com o D-STAR.

Mito número 4:
“D-STAR é exatamente uma linha digital.”
A capacidade das Repetidoras D-STAR para via de dados e voz digitalizada mundialmente coloca ela distante de uma simples linha. Sofisticadas controladoras D-STAR e “gateways” implementam modernas funções de telecomunicações no pacote amador.

Mito número 5:
“Serei obrigado a comprar e usar somente equipamentos Icom.”
A Icom é o primeiro fabricante de rádio a projetar e vender rádios com D-STAR, mas como esse é um sistema da JARL (Liga de Radioamadores do Japão), qualquer outro fabricante poderá projetar e vender rádios com o mesmo padrão, que serão compatíveis com o D-STAR da Icom.

Frequently Held Myths About D-STAR

Myth # 1
“D-Star only works on 1.2 GHz.”
Low-speed DV D-STAR voice and data works just fine at 144 and 440 MHz. 1.2 GHz supports the bandwidth needs of hight-speed DD data. Choose the technology that satisfies your needs.

Myth #2
“There’s no difference between D-STAR and packet.”
Even D-STAR’s lowest speed is competitive with the highest-performance packet systems available today. D-STAR’s simultaneous digital voice and data at 4800 bps is beyond the capability of any packet technology. Hight-speed D-STAR systems are ten times faster than the highest packet speeds.

Myth #3
“D-STAR is no different from IRLP or Echolink.”
VOIP systems like IRLP and Echolink are only capable of routing voice signals. They don’t support data exchange at any speed. Calls targeted to a specific user are not possible by any amateur technology except D-STAR.

Myth #4
“D-STAR is just a digital party line!”
The ability of D-STAR repeaters to route data and digitized voice worldwide sets it far apart from a simple party line. Sophisticated D-STAR controllers and gateways implement modern telecommunications functions in an amateur package.

Myth #5
“D-STAR is a replacement for broadband home Internet.”
Truly a fantasy! D-STAR can connect a user to the Internet, true, but all of the amateur radio restrictions on commercial activity still remain place. D-STAR will provide the tools for a lot of great amateur innovation, but it’s not intended to replace Internet providers.

Myth #6
“I’ll be locked into Icom equipment forever.”
While Icom is the first manufacturer to support D-STAR, any manufacturer or amateur can use the JARL standards to create equipment – transceivers, repeaters, and gateways – compatible with the D-STAR system. As the D-STAR system grows, look for other manufacturers to join the fun.

*Não temos e nem almejamos créditos. O assunto não esgota-se aqui.